LPP Recaps Progress of State & Federal Cannabis Legislation in 2023

December 21, 2023

Last Prisoner Project’s (LPP) policy team had a busy year working within multiple states to pass legislation that would allow individuals, who have been criminalized by cannabis prohibition, to have their criminal sentences modified and their criminal records cleared. The policy team provided recommendations to legislators in Hawai’i, Delaware, Minnesota, Ohio, Maine, New Hampshire, and Maryland on how to effectively provide retroactive relief for those criminalized during prohibition once adult-use cannabis has been legalized.


LPP also worked in states that have already legalized adult-use cannabis (i.e. Connecticut, California, New Jersey, Virginia and New Mexico) to provide feedback on how those states can address critical gaps in their record clearance and resentencing processes for those with cannabis convictions. In an effort to better understand the national landscape of cannabis justice and expand our work, LPP’s policy team conducted a national assessment of cannabis policy in our newly released State of Cannabis Justice Report.


High-Level State Updates for 2023:


  • Delaware 
  • Delaware became the 22nd state to legalize adult-use cannabis on April 21st. 
  • While Delaware legalized cannabis and a cannabis-specific record clearance process, neither of these policies have been implemented yet, making it difficult to evaluate their impact.
  • Minnesota
  • Minnesota became the 23rd state to legalize adult-use cannabis after they passed House File (HF) 100 this past May.
  • The new law creates state-initiated record clearance and resentencing processes for those criminalized during prohibition but both policies require reviews by a specially appointed board that are likely to be arduous and are already proving to be delayed.
  • Ohio 
  • 57% of Ohio residents voted to approve Issue 2 in November, making Ohio the 24th state to legalize adult-use cannabis. 
  • Despite the legalization of adult-use sales through Issue 2, the absence of automatic resentencing and record clearance provisions leaves a critical gap in redressing past injustices.
  • Maryland 
  • The legalization of adult-use cannabis came into effect this year in Maryland. 
  • Maryland’s legalization measure outlined a state-initiated record clearance process as well as a broad resentencing process but the state has struggled with implementing both policies, making actual relief difficult to evaluate.
  • Kentucky
  • Kentucky became the 38th state to allow for medical use.
  • The bill that legalized medical cannabis did not include criminal justice provisions that would create record clearance or resentencing processes for those criminalized by cannabis prohibition. 
  • Others States that Failed to Legalize
  • In March of 2023 Oklahoma voters rejected State Question 820, which would have legalized adult-use cannabis, as well as provide both petitioner-initiated resentencing and record clearance. 
  • Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada and Oregon also saw legalization ballot measures fail before being adopted in later votes.


Legislation Where LPP Provided In-depth Technical Assistance in 2023:


  • Connecticut
  • HB 6787, Sentence Modification for Cannabis-related Offenses
  • Although HB 6787 did not pass last year, LPP’s advocacy on the bill helped ensure that any eligible pending cannabis charges were dropped. Connecticut Chief State's Attorney, Patrick J. Griffin, disclosed that the State’s Attorneys voluntarily and diligently worked to dismiss over 1,500 pending cannabis-related criminal cases across the state.   
  • Minnesota
  • HF 100, Omnibus Adult-use Cannabis Bill
  • Minnesota’s legalization bill includes provisions to provide state-initiated record clearance and sentence modification. 
  • LPP provided recommendations to create oversight and reporting requirements to ensure the record clearance and resentencing provisions are implemented with fidelity. 
  • New Mexico
  • HB 314
  • New Mexico law provides broad eligibility for individuals with cannabis criminal convictions to have their criminal records cleared and have their criminal sentence reduced or eliminated. 
  • LPP worked to prevent rollback legislation and fought to maintain eligibility for individuals with a combination of cannabis-and-non-cannabis charges for sentence modification.
  • New Jersey
  • Provided recommendations and feedback to the Clean Slate Task Force regarding record clearance provisions for cannabis offenses.
  • Worked to ensure the state reported data on its efforts related to cannabis record clearance and resentencing.
  • Hawai’i
  • HCR 51
  • The Last Prisoner Project was directly named in a resolution passed by the House to provide technical assistance to Governor Green’s Office in implementing a cannabis clemency program.
  • California
  • AB 1706 
  • Ongoing implementation support and monitoring of the LPP-sponsored bill intended to ensure California’s commitment to record clearance and sentence modification for cannabis-related convictions.
  • Virginia
  • SB 391
  • Although the bill’s primary aim was to create a legally regulated marketplace for cannabis, the bill also included provisions crafted by LPP to implement sentence modification for cannabis-related offenses. 


Federal Legislation in 2023


The Harnessing Opportunities by Pursuing Expungement (HOPE) Act is bipartisan bill aims to help states with expunging cannabis offenses by reducing the financial and administrative burden of such efforts through federal grants. We are proud to endorse the HOPE Act and are grateful to Rep. Joyce and Rep. Ocasio-Cortez for re-introducing this bill. We look forward to continuing to work with their offices to get it passed.⁣


The Marijuana Opportunity, Reinvestment and Expungement (MORE) Act—a comprehensive bill that prioritizes legalization as well as justice reform and social equity—was refiled for a third time. If passed, it would deschedule cannabis by removing it from the Controlled Substances Act, create a process for expungements for non-violent federal cannabis convictions, and ensure that no individual would be denied federal benefits based solely on the use or possession of cannabis or past juvenile conviction for a cannabis offense.


The Cannabis Users’ Restoration of Eligibility (CURE) Act would prevent the denial of federal employment or security clearances based on a candidate’s past cannabis use. ⁣While it is vital these barriers to federal employment be removed, Congress should be going further by guaranteeing that ALL criminal record convictions are cleared instead of merely ignored. This would ensure no one suffers from the collateral consequences of a cannabis conviction.


⁣STATES Reform Act 2.0 was reintroduced would end federal cannabis prohibition, at the same time that it sought to incorporate certain equity provisions such as expungements for people with non-violent cannabis convictions and imposing an excise tax, revenue from which would have supported community reinvestment, law enforcement and Small Business Administration (SBA) activities.


Politicians on both sides of the aisle are open to attaching other pieces of legislation like the SAFER banking bill expungement provisions from the HOPE Act, which would assist states in automatically clearing low-level cannabis records. This has yet to materialize into a passed bill. LPP is working to ensure any cannabis legislation that is passed includes language that addresses the need for criminal justice reform.


By Stephen Post April 29, 2025
The Cannabis Unity Coalition Hosts Multi-Day Activism Event that Includes a Press Conference, Lobby Day, and White House Rally to Free Those Still Incarcerated Download Photos + Videos from the Week’s Events Tuesday, April 29th (Washington D.C.) - As Americans across the country celebrated the 4/20 cannabis holiday last week, tens of thousands of people sat in prisons incarcerated for cannabis-related offenses, licensed cannabis businesses struggled, and the federal government's cannabis reclassification process remained stalled. But this week, lawmakers and advocates are gathering on Capitol Hill to harness their movements’ momentum and enact change. Mobilizing the 70% of the public that supports legalization into political pressure, the Cannabis Unity Coalition — the largest bipartisan alliance of advocacy, industry, and grassroots organizations — is leading Cannabis Unity Week of Action this week, taking place April 29–May 1, 2025, in Washington, D.C. The multi-day event brings together advocates, impacted individuals, and industry leaders to pressure Congress and the Trump administration to fully legalize cannabis and deliver retroactive relief to those harmed by outdated prohibition-era policies. Advocates started the week today with a congressional press conference at the House Press Triangle, where they were joined by Congressional Cannabis Caucus members Congresswoman Ilhan Omar (D-Minnesota) and Congresswoman Dina Titus (D-Nevada), alongside other representatives who spoke about current legislative efforts. The press conference was followed by a welcome ceremony in the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center. “It’s a pleasure to join the Cannabis Unity Coalition on Capitol Hill to call for federal cannabis reform,” said Congresswoman Dina Titus (NV-01) . “As Co-Chair of the Cannabis Caucus, I am dedicated to working with advocates to modernize the government’s outdated approach to cannabis and ensure that common-sense legislation is advanced in Congress.” “It’s beyond time to legalize cannabis nationwide and expunge records for those incarcerated for cannabis-related offenses,” said Congresswoman Ilhan Omar (MN-05) , newly elected co-chair of the Congressional Cannabis Caucus. "I’m incredibly grateful for the partnership of the members of the Cannabis Unity Coalition and look forward to working together to get this done." As part of their 4/20 clemency campaign with LPP , members of Ben & Jerry’s advocacy team joined to help build awareness and mobilize grassroots efforts to demand clemency from governors across the country. Wednesday will be dedicated to our Lobby Day where attendees will meet with their elected officials on Capitol Hill to advocate for cannabis reform, particularly the newly reintroduced STATES 2.0 Act and PREPARE Act . Coalition partners have planned meetings with elected officials from both parties in the House and Senate including Sen. Cory Booker (D-New Jersey) , Sen. Adam Schiff (D-California) , Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Missouri), Sen. John Fetterman (D-Pennsylvania), Sen. Andy Kim (D-New Jersey), Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Massachusetts), Rep. Nancy Mace (R-South Carolina), Rep. Tom McClintock (R-California), Rep. Jamie Raskin (D-Maryland) , and other offices to call for the full legalization of cannabis, the removal of criminal penalties, and retroactive relief. Events will conclude Thursday evening with a Cannabis Freedom Rally outside the White House from 4-9 p.m. to honor those still incarcerated for cannabis and demand their freedom via presidential clemency. The rally will feature previously incarcerated activists like Donte West , Kyle Page , and Deshaun Durham , who was granted cannabis clemency by Kansas Governor Laura Kelly at the end of last year. These activists will lend their voices to the actions and share their powerful stories. The Cannabis Unity Coalition is made up of a broad array of advocate groups span across political boundaries and includes Last Prisoner Project (LPP), members of the Marijuana Justice Coalition (MJC) like Drug Policy Alliance (DPA), National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), Veterans Cannabis Coalition, and Parabola Center; members of the Cannabis Freedom Alliance (CFA) like the Reason Foundation and Law Enforcement Action Partnership (LEAP); Students for Sensible Drug Policy (SSDP), which is a member of both coalitions; and industry groups like, National Craft Cannabis Coalition, National Cannabis Industry Association (NCIA), Minority Cannabis Business Association (MCBA), Indigenous Cannabis Industry Association (ICIA), Asian Cannabis Roundtable, and National Association of Black Cannabis Lawyers (NABCL); other organizaitons include Freedom Grow, Marijuana Justice, Doctors for Drug Policy Reform, United Food and Commercial Workers Union (UFCW), Supernova Women, Minorities for Medical Marijuana, DCMJ, Just Leadership USA (JLUSA), National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, National Coalition for Drug Legalization and the Marijuana Policy Project (MPP), Mission Green, Latinas in Cannabis, the Equity Trade Network, Cannademix, and Free My Weed Man. Those who can’t join us in D.C. can still participate virtually by contacting your federal representatives and asking them to #DecriminalizeNow, urging your governor to grant clemency to those in your state still incarcerated for cannabis, and following along through our livestream. Learn more and take action at LPP.la/CannabisUnityWeek . ABOUT LAST PRISONER PROJECT Last Prisoner Project is dedicated to freeing those incarcerated due to the War on Drugs, reuniting their families, and helping them rebuild their lives. As laws change, there remains a fundamental injustice for individuals whose conviction is no longer a crime. We work to repair these harms through legal intervention, constituent support, direct advocacy, and policy change. Visit www.lastprisonerproject.org or text FREEDOM to 24365 to learn more. Follow Last Prisoner Project: Instagram | LinkedIn | X/Twitter | Facebook Press contact: Stephen Post LPP Communications Manager stephen@lastprisonerproejct.org
By Stephen Post April 22, 2025
At the Last Prisoner Project (LPP), we know that true justice means more than legalization—it means clearing the records of those who were criminalized under outdated cannabis laws. Today, we celebrate a major step forward in that fight for justice as Governor Wes Moore signs SB 432, the Expungement Reform Act of 2025 , into law. In Maryland, where Governor Wes Moore made history last year by issuing the nation’s most sweeping cannabis pardon order, we are now happy to see this next step in reform. A criminal record—whether for a conviction or even just an arrest—can create lasting obstacles to employment, housing, education, and other opportunities. The impact is not just personal; according to research from the Center for Economic and Policy Research, the U.S. economy loses between $78 and $87 billion annually due to employment barriers faced by people with criminal records. These collateral consequences compound the injustices of the War on Drugs and disproportionately affect communities already marginalized by systemic inequities. SB 432 simplifies the expungement process, removing unnecessary bureaucratic hurdles and making it easier for individuals to clear their records. The bill will help thousands of Marylanders—many of whom have already served their sentences—access new opportunities and contribute fully to their communities. “People in Maryland were living with the unconscionable reality that any probation violation, from a missed appointment to even decades-old possession of small amounts of now legal cannabis, categorically barred them from ever expunging their record,” said Heather Warnken, Executive Director of the Center for Criminal Justice Reform at the University of Baltimore School of Law . “The Expungement Reform Act has addressed this and more, removing barriers to opportunity for thousands held back by their past record. Like Governor Moore’s historic mass pardon, this victory is the product of true partnership, and an incredible step forward for our state.” SB 432 builds on the momentum of Governor Moore’s bold action in 2024, when he issued the largest cannabis pardon order in U.S. history, granting relief to over 175,000 Marylanders with low-level cannabis convictions . However, as we have long emphasized, a pardon—while powerful—does not automatically clear someone’s record. Until now, many of those same individuals still had to navigate a complicated, costly, and often inaccessible process to obtain full relief. Now, thanks to the passage of SB 432, that process will become significantly more accessible—and, in key cases, automatic. This is a vital step toward making sure the promise of cannabis reform includes real, tangible outcomes for those most affected by prohibition. “At Last Prisoner Project, our mission is to secure freedom and rebuild the lives of those disproportionately impacted by the War on Drugs,” said Liz Budnitz, Lead Counsel of the Cannabis Justice Initiative at Last Prisoner Project , who was present at the signing ceremony. “SB 432 embodies the idea that legalization must come with justice and repair for those who paid the price for misguided drug policies. We are proud to support reforms like this bill and look forward to continuing to advocate for policies that prioritize the full reintegration of justice-impacted individuals.” Adrian Rocha, LPP’s Policy Director and a member of Governor Moore’s expungement roundtable , added, "Last Prisoner Project commends Governor Wes Moore for signing SB 432, the Expungement Reform Act of 2025, into law. By creating a more efficient and accessible pathway for individuals to expunge cannabis-related convictions and seek post-conviction relief, this bill is a crucial step in addressing the harms caused by decades of cannabis criminalization in Maryland. We are thrilled that more Marylanders will now be able to move forward with their lives, access new opportunities, and contribute fully to their communities.” Maryland now joins 12 other states that have implemented state-initiated expungement for certain offenses, recognizing that individuals should not be required to navigate complex legal systems to obtain relief they are already entitled to. This victory represents not just a legislative achievement, but a powerful moment of healing and restoration. We thank Governor Moore, the Maryland General Assembly, and all our partners and advocates who helped make this bill a reality. But our work is far from over. Cannabis justice means full, automatic relief—not just in Maryland, but across the country. And at the Last Prisoner Project, we’re committed to making that vision real. Watch the full bill signing below and read past coverage here .
By Stephen Post April 18, 2025
Proposed Legislation Marks a Critical Step Toward Ending Criminalization and Repairing Harms from the War on Drugs Washington, D.C. – Today, the Last Prisoner Project released a statement applauding the introduction of two bipartisan bills aimed at ending federal cannabis prohibition and preparing for a post-prohibition regulatory framework. Reps. Dave Joyce (R-OH), Max Miller (R-OH) and Dina Titus (D-NV) announced on Thursday that they’ve filed the Strengthening the Tenth Amendment Through Entrusting States (STATES) 2.0 Act. This bill would end federal marijuana prohibition in states that have legalized it, while providing for a basic federal regulatory framework for cannabis products. Rep. Dave Joyce (R-OH) also introduced the Preparing Regulators Effectively for a Post-Prohibition Adult-Use Regulated Environment Act (PREPARE) Act , which is being sponsored by House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY). This bill would direct the attorney general to create a commission charged with making recommendations on a regulatory system for cannabis that models what’s currently in place for alcohol. “These bipartisan bills are a critical step forward toward ending the federal government’s failed war on cannabis,” said Stephen Post, Strategic Communications Manager at the Last Prisoner Project . “By respecting the will of states, addressing regulatory uncertainty, and acknowledging the urgent need for reform, this legislation lays the groundwork for a smarter, fairer approach to cannabis policy. Going forward, we also urge lawmakers to ensure that federal cannabis legislation also include robust provisions for sentence modification, automatic record clearance and retroactive relief. Otherwise, we risk building this industry on the backs of those still suffering the consequences of outdated, unjust laws.” The Last Prisoner Project urges lawmakers on both sides of the aisle to support these measures and continue working toward a more just and equitable post-prohibition future. The Cannabis Unity Coalition, the largest bipartisan coalition of cannabis advocacy, industry, and grassroots organizations, is mobilizing for the Cannabis Unity Week of Action, taking place April 29th - May 1st, 2025, in Washington, D.C. This multi-day event will unite advocates, impacted individuals, and industry leaders to pressure Congress and the Trump administration to fully legalize cannabis and implement retroactive relief measures for those affected by prohibition-era policies. Click here to learn more .